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专题 新题型——语法填空（新课标、广东、湖南）
【201年高考命题预测】
高考改革始终坚持“在稳定中求发展”的命题指导思想，命题的基本原则依然是“突出语篇，注重交际，讲究灵活，强调应用”。基于此种原因，2024年高考全国卷样题中删除了历年高考英语的“单句型语言知识题”，取而代之的是英语语言知识运用的“语法填空题”。
语法填空题是给出200字左右的一段短文或对话，段落中给出10个填空，其中4个填空是给出一个单词，填写它的正确词形，如形容词的比较级等，其余6个填空是结合上下文直接填词（不多于3个单词）。这要求考生既要掌握熟练的语法知识，还要有一定的语言阅读能力。从单选题那种单独句子中的单独的语法考核，到短文中的语法实际应用，此次题型转变得更加灵活。
考题的难易程度应该是有所下降的，刻板的单纯语法考题将逐渐消失，基础知识好的考生完成语法填空题应该不成问题。针对语法填空题如何复习，提醒考生，应继续进行语法知识的复习，加强对词汇本身用法，如主、被、动，固定短语搭配，冠词、连词等运用进行复习。
【考点定位】201考纲解读和近几年考点分布
语篇语法填空试题特点：
1.“把‘题’设在有一定语境和语义确定了的文段中”是高考命题的宗旨。以对话为载体的2024样题，其长度为173词+10空格。旨在考查考生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。因此，只有读懂对话文段才能做好语法填空题。
2. 从样题的设空特点来看，它不仅重视对语言基础知识--词法、句法的考查，考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、动词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。同时也考察了学生在没有给出任何提示，需要根据语篇逻辑填空的能力。考生既要能判断出不同的“部分”在句子中的“成分”，又要考虑该结构中用什么词、词性、词形、习惯搭配、拼写、大小写等一系列问题（出现任何错误都不给分）。
3. 题型设置分三种类型。
(A) 填实义词 -- 提示词4个（61.happen, 63. go, 64. early, 65. make) 。用括号内单词的正确形式填空，主要涉及动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级等语法考点（与广东高考语法填空试题考察角度一致）。
(B) 填功能词 --纯空格3个（62. when, 67. it, 68.the ) 。在空白处填入适当的内容。空后无提示词，要求考生根据文意、上下连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个适当的词，包括连词、代词、限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、副词等（与广东高考语法填空试题考察角度一致）。虽然样题里没有体现对介词和其他功能词的考察，它也应该是考察知识点。
(C)语境理解填空 -- 纯空格3个（66. Anyway，69. must have put，70. mind/memory)。在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）。空后无提示词，要求考生根据文意、上下连贯性和行文逻辑，填入适当的词（1-3个），从样题看这类题主要出现在对话的后半部分，并且以实义词为主（全国高考语法填空试题创新之处，需特别注意）。
4. 答案词数有限定。
试题要求已明确规定：在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。从样题判断“不多于3个单词”的空格，出现在对话的后半部分，这样的设置体现了语境的作用。而谓语动词时态与语态用法；非谓语动词完成体、进行体和被动形式；多音节形容词/副词比较级；定语从句的“介词+关系代词”等语言现象应该是“不多于3个”的重点考察项目。
语篇语法填空解题技巧
解语篇语法填空，要从“词、句、篇”三个层面去思考。
（1）词汇层面
方法1：做主语或宾语的名词或“形容词+名词”前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，根据上下文填冠词。
【例1】The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ______ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.
【解析】a
第一次提到的可数名词单数前用不定冠词，表示“一个”。
【例2】I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had ______ amazing conversation.
【解析】an
短语搭配have a conversation“和……交谈”。
【例3】But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ______ last row.
【解析】the
特指最后一排，在序数词/最高级前，用定冠词。
方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。
【例4】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult ______ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
【解析】it
作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语to choose……。
【例5】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ______.
【解析】him
please him (使他高兴)，填代词；根据句意，此处指代her father。
【例6】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?”
【解析】it
指前面提到的“水(the water)”。
方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。
【例7】He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
【解析】was pretending
由“and giving”可确定，用过去进行时，构成并列谓语。
【例8】Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children.
【解析】is spent money与spend之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，从句时态提示应用一般现在时。
【例9】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he has run out of salt.
【解析】found
主格代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境由One day和“invited”可知，用一般过去时。
方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。
【例10】She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume．
【解析】to please
“be+形容词+ to do”, 无需考虑其它的非谓语形式。此句式中常用主动形式表示被动含义。
【例11】Film has a much shorter history，especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and planting.
【解析】compared 本句是when it is compared to …的省略。compare与逻辑主语film是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。
【例12】But everyone added a little, always ______ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”
【解析】thinking
因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。
方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。
【例13】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).”
【解析】sweeter 句意是“什么也不会比这更甜”=这是世界上最甜的东西。
【例14】I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day.
【解析】later
指那天晚些时候。
【例15】It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.
【解析】harder
句中a little修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”作宾补。
方法6：当“……（+限定词）+名词”或“……+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。
【例16】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman ______ the trouble.
【解析】for
reward sb. for sth. 表示“因……而酬谢/报答某人”。
【例17】He did so the next day. He was very tired ______ doing this for a whole day.
【解析】after/from A.用介词after表示“在……之后”；B. be tired from doing sth.为“因做某事而累”。
【例18】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ______ table having supper.
【解析】at at table表示“在进餐”，是习惯搭配。
（2）句子层面
方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while, when等。
【例19】 He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.
【解析】but
句中very happy与very tired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。
【例20】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.”
【解析】nor
并列连词“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。
【例21】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a table.
【解析】and
句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主语发出的两个并列的动作。
方法2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（做主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句成分和意义确定连词。
【例22】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.
【解析】who
引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。
【例23】 One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
【解析】that 引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。
【例24】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do.
【解析】what
引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。
方法3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（做定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句做主语和宾语，做状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。
【例25】Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.
【解析】where
句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。
【例26】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher.
【解析】who/that
代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。
【例27】Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.
【解析】whom
还原talk to sb.可知，用whom引导定语从句。
方法4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（做状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。
【例28】We understand this lesson best ______ we receive gifts of love from children.
【解析】when
引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。
【例29】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived.
【解析】until/till
表示“一直到……”。
【例30】______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.
【解析】If
表条件。he thought…与he was wrong是两个句子，没有连词。
（3）篇章意义层面
方法1：了解文章/对话大意，运用上下文语境线索、前后呼应、词语搭配等逻辑关系来解题，填入既符合上下文情景，又符合句义、词义的正确单词。
【例31】…, so he couldn’t have done it. ______, he couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as his tennis stuff, so I’m sure it wasn’t him.（2024样题）
【解析】Anyway
“不管怎么说”，考察对语境的把握，体会上下文讲话人语气。
【例32】--Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I ______ them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my mind. Now, why did I put on my coat?（2024样题）
【解析】must have put 考察对话上下文的理解和谓语的呼应，读懂上文“…and left them on the table”、“But someone must have taken them”、“Oh, it must have been Dad.”以及下文几处情态动词的表达得出答案。
【例33】I attended a school prize-giving ______ not so long ago and the guest speaker was Andrew Becroft.
【解析】ceremony
考查搭配关系。形容词和名词、动词和副词、动词和宾语存
【三年高考】14高考试题及其解析
高考试题
【2024·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.
2.【2024·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
