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（讲）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（原卷版）
必修5
单元知识预览
项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）
重点单词 1．impression nimpress v．给某人深刻印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的 2．constant adj.constantly adv.不断地 3．previous adj.
4．guide n vt.指引；指导 5．surrounding n adj.周围的→surround vt.围绕 6．tolerate vt.7．lack vi. & vt. n．缺乏；短缺的东西 8．adjustment nadjust vt.调整；使适应 9．press vi. & vt.n.按；压；印刷；资讯→pressure n．压力 10．fasten vt.
11．switch n vt.转换 12．optimistic adj.(主义)的→pessimistic(反义词) 13．desert n14．typist ntypewriter n．打字机 15．instant n adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly adv.马上 16．greedy adj.
17．representative n adj.典型的；有代表性的→represent v．代表 18．settlement nsettle v．定居；解决→settler n．定居者
重点短语 1．take up2．be back on ones feet
(困境后)恢复；完全复原 3．lose sight of
4．sweep up
5．slide into
()移动；溜进…… 6．speed up
7．as a result
8．be similar to...
9．in all directions
10．show...around...
经典句型
（高考书面表达必备） 1．At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.，。2．However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.，，，。
3．Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.，。
必备语法（高级句型） 晨读范文背诵
背诵这篇范文
假定你是高中学生李华，你的美国朋友Jim即将升入高中，想让你给他一些学习建议。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 与老师交流，征求老师意见；
2. 上课积极参与讨论，专心听讲，做好笔记；
3. 课后积极完成作业，巩固知识。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【】
Dear Jim,
I’m delighted to hear that you’ll be a senior student. Now, I’d like to share my study tips with you.
First, you’d better communicate with your teachers regularly. In this way, they may offer some great advice on both your study and life. Second, why not involve yourself in each class actively, listen to the teacher attentively and take notes carefully so that you can review later? Third, it’s a good idea to do your homework on time soon after school, which will help you practice what you have learned and make it fresh in your mind.
I hope my advice can be helpful to you and that you can enjoy your new school life.
Best wishes!
语言知识精析
重点单词精讲
考点1．impression n. 印象；感觉；感想；印记
【教材原句】first impressions第一印象【例句研读】
(1) What was your first impression of London?
你对伦敦的第一印象是什么？
(2) I have a good impression of him.我对他的印象很好。
【归纳拓展】
①make/leave/give an impression on给……留下印象
②impress vt.给……以深刻的印象
impress sth.on/upon sth.＝impress sb.with sth.
使某人对……有印象；使某人铭记某事；某物/事给某人留下印象
impress on(upon)使铭记
be impressed by/with为……所感动；对……有印象
③impressive adj.给人深刻印象的，感人的
【即时巩固】
() The new teacher made a good impression __________the students.
新老师给学生们留下了一个好印象。
() My first __________of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良、体贴的年轻人。
() It is an ______________ achievement.那是个了不起的成就．
() His trip to India
a strong impression on him.他的印度之旅给他留下了深刻的印象。
考点2．previous adj.在前的；早先的；先前的；以往的；(时间上)稍前的
【教材原句】This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying，but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. 这有点像坐飞机时的飞行时差，但不同的是，你的脑海中似乎在不断闪现以前的时光。
【例句研读】(1) No previous experience is necessary for this job.这一工作无需相关的经验。
(2) I couldn't believe it when I heard the news.I had only seen him the previous day.听到这个消息时，我不敢相信。就在前一天我还见到过他。
【归纳拓展】
previous to＝before在……之前(其中to是介词)
previously adv.先前地；早先
【即时巩固】
() The building had ________been used as a hotel.
这座楼房早先曾用作旅馆。
() Have you ever had any___________ career experience?
你先前有什么工作经验吗？
（）In full blossoms I'm waiting in the sun, every flower carrying my ________ hope.阳光下 我开满了花静静地等待，朵朵都是我前世的盼望。
考点3．surrounding n．周围的事物；环境(常用复数)adj.周围的
【教材原句】At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。
【例句研读】
(1) The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings.那所房子所处的环境非常优美。
(2) She has always been surrounded with fashionable friends.她周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。
【归纳拓展】
surrounding adj.附近的；周围的
surround vt.环绕；围住
be surrounded by/with...由……围着/包围
surround sth./sb.with/by sth.
以……包围或环绕某人/某物
【易混易错】
surroundings/environment
surroundings 专指自然环境，从周围的事物这一客体着眼。
environment 可指自然环境，也可指精神环境。
The girl grew up in beautiful surroundings，but not in a happy home environment.
这个女孩生活在优美的环境中，但却没有愉快的家庭氛围。
【即时巩固】
() She ___________ with fashionable friends.她周围有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。
() He likes to _________with beautiful things.他喜欢生活在美的环境中。
() As a child，I _________love and kindness. 幼年时，我备受关爱。
考点4．constantly adv.不断地；重复不断地
【教材原句】I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.我得不断提醒自己，我真的已经进入到公元3008年了。
【例句研读】
(1) He talked constantly about his work.
他不断地谈到他的工作。
(2) There was a constant stream of visitors to Mount Tai.
泰山的游客络绎不绝。
【归纳拓展】
constantly经常和进行时连用，表示说话者的一种情感。与之用法相当的词还有always等。
constant adj.
【即时巩固】
() The English language is _______changing.英语总是在不断地发展变化。
() I'm __________telling her to behave herself.
我不断告诉她要守规矩。
() As we know，in our world nothing seems
.我们都知道，在我们这个世界上，没什么似乎是一成不变的。
考点5．tolerate vt.容忍，忍受，容许，能经受(困难条件)
【教材原句】At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.一开始新的环境让我很难忍受。
【例句研读】
(1) The teacher can not tolerate eating in class.
老师不容许在课堂上吃东西。
(2) Her own mistakes made her very tolerant of/towards (the faults of) others.
她因自己有错误，对别人(的错误)就概不计较了。
【归纳拓展】
tolerate(doing)sth.容忍(做)某事
can't bear/stand (doing)sth.无法忍受(做)某事
put up with容忍；忍受
tolerable adj.可容忍的
tolerance n．容忍；忍受
tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的
be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.对……宽容
【温馨提示】
tolerate的近义词(组)有bear，stand，put up with，这些动词(词组)需要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
【即时巩固】
() He can't bear_______ laughed at.
他忍受不了被别人取笑。
() I can not tolerate her __________.
我不能容忍她的粗鲁无礼。
() The school cannot tolerate ________in exams.学校不能容忍考试作弊。考点6．lack vt.& vi.没有，缺乏 n．缺乏，短缺的东西
【教材原句】Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.
由于缺少新鲜空气，我的头疼。
【例句研读】
(1) His real problem is that he lacks confidence.
他的真正问题是缺乏自信心。
(2) He did not finish his schooling for lack of money.
由于缺钱，他没有完成学业。
【归纳拓展】
for lack of缺乏……；没有……；因缺少……
(a)lack of缺乏；不足……
no lack of充足的
lack for缺……，不充足
lacking adj.缺少的，不足的
be lacking in不足；不够；缺少
【易混易错】
lack与be short of
(1)lack用作动词时，常与抽象名词连用。如：
She lacked the confidence to make friends.
她缺乏交朋友的自信。
(2)be short of 只用于表示具体事物的缺乏，译为“……短缺”。如：
They were short of money.
他们缺钱。
【温馨提示】
①lack用作名词时一般用作单数或不可数名词，意为“缺乏；短缺”。后面常接介词of表示缺少的内容，构成lack of短语。
②lack用作动词时可作及物动词，意为“缺乏；没有；短缺”。后面直接接名词作宾语，千万不要说lack in/of sth.。也可作不及物动词，如跟宾语要加for，构成lack for sth.
③lacking是形容词，意为“缺少的；不足的”。常用搭配是：be lacking in...(＝be short in...)意为“在……上不足”。
【即时巩固】
() A diet _________nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。 () They are so rich that they__________.他们非常富裕，什么也不缺。
() They carried on with their experiment in spite of the
facilities.尽管缺设备，他们还是继续进行试验。考点7．switch n．开关；转换vt.& vi.(使)转换
【教材原句】Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen，and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.然后王平在电脑荧屏上的开关上闪了一下，于是一张桌子和几把椅子就像变魔术般从地板下面升了起来。
【例句研读】
（1）Switch the freezer to the extra cold setting.
把冰箱的冷冻开关转到特冷档。
（2）They switched the location of the movie to Hawaii.
他们把这部电影的外景拍摄地换为夏威夷。
【归纳拓展】
switch off切断(电流、气体等)
switch on打开(开关)；接通(电流等)
switch to更换
switch...to变换为；更改为；迁移到
switch over改用；换用
switch sth.with sb.和某人交换某物
switch sth.from sth.从某物转变到某物
【温馨提示】 “水龙头或煤气的开/关”用turn on/off；“电器的开/关”用turn on/off或switch on/off都可以。
【即时巩固】
（）Switch ________the TV before you go out.你出门前要把电视关掉。
（）A lot of banks are
over to the new electronic system because it's more efficient. 很多银行正在改用新的电子系统，因为它效率更高。
（）He secretly switched ________ a different company.他秘密地跳槽到别的公司。
考点8．instant n.
瞬间，片刻 adj. 立刻的，立即的
【教材原句】You place the metal band over your head，clear your mind，press the sending button，think your message and the next instant it's sent.你把这种金属带放在头上，整理思路，按下发送键，然后想着你要发送的信息，刹那间信息就发出去了。
【例句研读】
(1) The telegram asked for an instant reply.
这封电报要求立即回复。
(2) I came instantly I saw the need.
我一发觉有需要马上就来了。
【归纳拓展】
in an instant(＝immediately)立刻
the instant(that)(＝as soon as)一……就……
(at)any instant随时；在任何情况下
for an instant片刻；一瞬间
【温馨提示】
和 the moment 一样，the instant和instantly也可以引导状语从句，意思是“一……就……”。immediately，directly也有类似用法。如：
Jane burst out crying the instant she came in.
简一进来就大哭起来。
【易混易错】
for an instant/in an instant
for an instant 暂时，一时。相当于for a while，for a moment，for a minute，多用于完成时态、一般时态或将来时态，常与持续性动词连用。
in an instant 一会儿，马上，立刻。相当于in a while，in a moment，in a minute，通常用于将来时，常与终止性动词连用。
He promised to be back in an instant.
他答应过一会儿就回来的。
Just for an instant I thought he was going to refuse.
有那么一会儿，我以为他要拒绝了。
【即时巩固】
() The police came to my help_________.
警方立刻来帮助我。
() She did not hesitate but answered the question ____________________．她没有犹豫而是立刻回答了问题。
() The machine is so advanced that it will start the
you press the button.这种机器太先进了，你一按按钮它就开始运转。
