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Housekeeping is crucial to safe workplaces. It can help prevent injuries and improve productivity and morale.
打扫卫生对工作场所的安全至关重要，它有助于预防受伤，提高生产力，提振士气。
The practice extends from traditional offices to industrial workplaces, including factories, warehouses and manufacturing plants that present special challenges such as hazardous materials, combustible dust and other flammables. Here are 11 tips for effective workplace housekeeping.
无论是传统办公室，还是工业生产车间，比如含特别风险(危险品、易燃粉尘和其他易燃物)的工厂、仓库和制造厂，打扫卫生都很重要。以下是高效清洁工作场所的11个技巧。
1. Prevent slips, trips and falls
预防滑倒、绊倒和掉落
Report and clean up spills and leaks.
Consider installing mirrors and warning signs to help with blind spots.
Replace worn, ripped or damage flooring.
Use drip pans and guards.
有物体溢出、泄露时应报告上级并清理干净。
考虑在盲区旁放置镜子、张贴警示标志。
地板破损、裂开或有损坏时应更换。
使用滴油盘和防护装置。
2. Eliminate fire hazards
消除火灾隐患
Keep combustible materials in the work area only in amounts needed for the job. When they are unneeded, move them to an assigned safe storage area.
Store quick-burning, flammable materials in designated locations away from ignition sources.
Avoid contaminating clothes with flammable liquids. Change clothes if contamination occurs.
在工作场所只存放工作需要量的易燃物品。不需要时，将易燃品移至指定的安全储藏区。
将速燃、易燃物品存储在远离火源的指定地点。
避免衣物沾染易燃液体。一旦沾染，赶快换掉衣服。
3.Control dust
控制粉尘
Dust accumulation of more than 0.8 millimeters – covering at least 5 percent of a room's surface poses a significant explosion hazard. Vacuuming is the "preferred" method of cleaning. Sweeping and water wash-down are other options. "Blow-downs" using compressed air or steam is allowed for inaccessible or unsafe surfaces.
粉尘沉积超过0.8毫米，覆盖房间表面达5%或以上时，会有重大的爆炸隐患。吸尘器是清理灰尘的最佳选择。清扫和洒水也是可选的。对于接触不到或不安全的表面，可用压缩空气和蒸汽进行排气清理。
4. Avoid tracking materials
避免留下痕迹
Work-area mats should be kept clean and maintained.
Separate cleaning protocols may be needed for different areas to prevent cross-contamination.
If the materials are toxic, industrial hygiene testing, uniforms and showering facilities might be needed.
工作场所里的垫子应保持干净并加以保养。
不同场所应有独立的清理规定，以防交叉污染。
如果这些物质有毒，需要进行工业卫生检测，穿戴工作服，安装淋浴设备。
5. Prevent falling objects
避免物体掉落
Protections such as a toe board can help prevent objects from falling and hitting workers or equipment. Other tips include stacking boxes and materials straight up and down to keep them from falling. Place heavy objects on lower shelves, and keep equipment away from the edges of desks and tables.
趾板等防护物品有助于预防物体掉落，以免击中工人或设备。其他的建议包括：整齐堆放堆垛箱、物避免掉落;将重的物品放在低架子上;设备应远离桌边。
6. Clear clutter
清理杂物
Keep aisles, stairways, emergency exits, electrical panels and doors clear of clutter, and purge untidy areas. Empty trash receptacles before they overflow.
过道、楼梯、紧急出口、配电板和门口处禁止堆放杂物，脏乱场所应清理干净。垃圾箱装满前应清空。
7. Store materials properly
正确储藏物品
Storage areas should not have an accumulation of materials that present hazards for tripping, fire, explosion or pests. Unused materials and equipment should be stored out of the way of workers. Remember to put everything back in its proper place. Keeping a storage space nearby so workers are encouraged to use it.
储藏区不应堆放可能绊倒人、引发火灾和爆炸、招致害虫的物品。未使用过的物品和设备应放在不影响工人的区域。谨记所有物品用完后应放到合适的地方。储藏区应设在附近，以方便工人使用。
8. Use and inspect personal protective equipment and tools
使用并检查个人防护装备和工具
Wear basic PPE – such as closed-toe shoes and safety glasses – while performing housekeeping. Determine what type of PPE to don based on the potential risks. Regularly inspect, clean and fix tools. Remove any damaged tools from the work area.
打扫卫生时穿戴基本的个人防护装备，如包头鞋、安全眼镜。根据潜在的风险来判断穿戴哪种类型的个人防护装备。定期检查、清理和修补工具。将所有损坏工具移出工作区。
9. Determine frequency
确定清洁频率
All workers should participate in housekeeping, especially in terms of keeping their own work areas tidy, reporting safety hazards and cleaning up spills. A company should have a mixture of deep cleaning and more frequent, lighter cleaning that involves sweeping and responding to spills.
打扫卫生人人有责，特别是个人工作区应保持干净，上报安全隐患并清理泄漏液体。公司应既有全面大扫除，又经常做一般性清扫，如扫除垃圾，清理泄漏液体。
10. Create written rules
制定书面规则
Housekeeping policies should be put in writing. Written protocols could specify which cleaners, tools and methods should be used.
清洁卫生制度应以书面形式呈现出来。书面协议可以明确规定应该使用哪种清洁剂、工具和方法。
11. Think long-term
着眼长远
Housekeeping should be more than a one-time initiative. Keep records, maintain a regular walkthrough inspection schedule, report hazards and train employees to help sustain housekeeping.
清洁卫生不应该只是三分钟热度。应该做记录，定期做全面检查，汇报隐患，指导员工经常清洁卫生。
Vocabulary
combustible: 易燃的
flammable: 易燃物
trip: 绊倒
ignition: 点燃
toxic: 有毒的
purge: 清洗
PPE (personal protective equipment): 个人防护设备
Housekeeping is crucial to safe workplaces. It can help prevent injuries and improve productivity and morale.
打扫卫生对工作场所的安全至关重要，它有助于预防受伤，提高生产力，提振士气。
The practice extends from traditional offices to industrial workplaces, including factories, warehouses and manufacturing plants that present special challenges such as hazardous materials, combustible dust and other flammables. Here are 11 tips for effective workplace housekeeping.
无论是传统办公室，还是工业生产车间，比如含特别风险(危险品、易燃粉尘和其他易燃物)的工厂、仓库和制造厂，打扫卫生都很重要。以下是高效清洁工作场所的11个技巧。
1. Prevent slips, trips and falls
预防滑倒、绊倒和掉落
Report and clean up spills and leaks.
Consider installing mirrors and warning signs to help with blind spots.
Replace worn, ripped or damage flooring.
Use drip pans and guards.
有物体溢出、泄露时应报告上级并清理干净。
考虑在盲区旁放置镜子、张贴警示标志。
地板破损、裂开或有损坏时应更换。
使用滴油盘和防护装置。
2. Eliminate fire hazards
消除火灾隐患
Keep combustible materials in the work area only in amounts needed for the job. When they are unneeded, move them to an assigned safe storage area.
Store quick-burning, flammable materials in designated locations away from ignition sources.
Avoid contaminating clothes with flammable liquids. Change clothes if contamination occurs.
在工作场所只存放工作需要量的易燃物品。不需要时，将易燃品移至指定的安全储藏区。
将速燃、易燃物品存储在远离火源的指定地点。
避免衣物沾染易燃液体。一旦沾染，赶快换掉衣服。
3.Control dust
控制粉尘
Dust accumulation of more than 0.8 millimeters – covering at least 5 percent of a room's surface poses a significant explosion hazard. Vacuuming is the "preferred" method of cleaning. Sweeping and water wash-down are other options. "Blow-downs" using compressed air or steam is allowed for inaccessible or unsafe surfaces.
粉尘沉积超过0.8毫米，覆盖房间表面达5%或以上时，会有重大的爆炸隐患。吸尘器是清理灰尘的最佳选择。清扫和洒水也是可选的。对于接触不到或不安全的表面，可用压缩空气和蒸汽进行排气清理。
4. Avoid tracking materials
避免留下痕迹
Work-area mats should be kept clean and maintained.
Separate cleaning protocols may be needed for different areas to prevent cross-contamination.
If the materials are toxic, industrial hygiene testing, uniforms and showering facilities might be needed.
工作场所里的垫子应保持干净并加以保养。
不同场所应有独立的清理规定，以防交叉污染。
如果这些物质有毒，需要进行工业卫生检测，穿戴工作服，安装淋浴设备。
5. Prevent falling objects
避免物体掉落
Protections such as a toe board can help prevent objects from falling and hitting workers or equipment. Other tips include stacking boxes and materials straight up and down to keep them from falling. Place heavy objects on lower shelves, and keep equipment away from the edges of desks and tables.
趾板等防护物品有助于预防物体掉落，以免击中工人或设备。其他的建议包括：整齐堆放堆垛箱、物避免掉落;将重的物品放在低架子上;设备应远离桌边。
6. Clear clutter
清理杂物
Keep aisles, stairways, emergency exits, electrical panels and doors clear of clutter, and purge untidy areas. Empty trash receptacles before they overflow.
过道、楼梯、紧急出口、配电板和门口处禁止堆放杂物，脏乱场所应清理干净。垃圾箱装满前应清空。
7. Store materials properly
正确储藏物品
Storage areas should not have an accumulation of materials that present hazards for tripping, fire, explosion or pests. Unused materials and equipment should be stored out of the way of workers. Remember to put everything back in its proper place. Keeping a storage space nearby so workers are encouraged to use it.
储藏区不应堆放可能绊倒人、引发火灾和爆炸、招致害虫的物品。未使用过的物品和设备应放在不影响工人的区域。谨记所有物品用完后应放到合适的地方。储藏区应设在附近，以方便工人使用。
8. Use and inspect personal protective equipment and tools
使用并检查个人防护装备和工具
Wear basic PPE – such as closed-toe shoes and safety glasses – while performing housekeeping. Determine what type of PPE to don based on the potential risks. Regularly inspect, clean and fix tools. Remove any damaged tools from the work area.
打扫卫生时穿戴基本的个人防护装备，如包头鞋、安全眼镜。根据潜在的风险来判断穿戴哪种类型的个人防护装备。定期检查、清理和修补工具。将所有损坏工具移出工作区。
9. Determine frequency
确定清洁频率
All workers should participate in housekeeping, especially in terms of keeping their own work areas tidy, reporting safety hazards and cleaning up spills. A company should have a mixture of deep cleaning and more frequent, lighter cleaning that involves sweeping and responding to spills.
打扫卫生人人有责，特别是个人工作区应保持干净，上报安全隐患并清理泄漏液体。公司应既有全面大扫除，又经常做一般性清扫，如扫除垃圾，清理泄漏液体。
10. Create written rules
制定书面规则
Housekeeping policies should be put in writing. Written protocols could specify which cleaners, tools and methods should be used.
清洁卫生制度应以书面形式呈现出来。书面协议可以明确规定应该使用哪种清洁剂、工具和方法。
11. Think long-term
着眼长远
Housekeeping should be more than a one-time initiative. Keep records, maintain a regular walkthrough inspection schedule, report hazards and train employees to help sustain housekeeping.
清洁卫生不应该只是三分钟热度。应该做记录，定期做全面检查，汇报隐患，指导员工经常清洁卫生。
Vocabulary
combustible: 易燃的
flammable: 易燃物
trip: 绊倒
ignition: 点燃
toxic: 有毒的
purge: 清洗
PPE (personal protective equipment): 个人防护设备
