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牛津实用英语语法:306 被动态动词后的不定式结构

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【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿,这里小编给大家分享一些,方便大家学习。

  A 不定式结构用在acknowledge,assume,believe,claim,consider,estimate,feel,find,know,presume,report,say,think,under- stand等动词之后。

  People consider/know/think等that he is这类句子有两种被动形式:

  It is considered/known/thought etc.that he is

  He is considered/known/thought etc.to be

  同样:

  People said that he was jealous of her.

  人们说他妒忌她。相当于:

  It was said that he was

  He was said to be jealous of her.

  据说他妒忌她。

  在这两种结构中,用不定式的后一结构比较简洁。它主要用于be,尽管有时其他动词的不定式也可以这样用:

  He is thought to have information which will be useful to the police.

  人们认为他掌握了对警察有用的情况。

  如句中所想到的内容涉及到以前的动作,则使用不定式的完成式,因此:

  People believed that he was相当于:

  It was believed that he was/He was believed to have been

  People know that he was相当于:

  It is known that he was/He is known to have been

  这种结构可与任何动词的不定式的完成式连用。

  B 不定式结构用在suppose后

  1 suppose的被动态之后可以接任何动词的不定式的一般式,但这种结构通常都含有这是一种责任、义务的意思,因此并不是同suppose的主动态(常意为推测)完全对应的形式:

  You are supposed to know how to drive.

  你本该会开车。相当于:

  It is your duty to know/You should know how to drive.

  会开车是你的责任。/你该知道怎么开车。

  但He is supposed to be in Paris既可能意思是他应该在那里,也可能是指人们猜想他在那里。

  2 suppose的被动态后面同样可以跟任何动词的不定式的完成式。这种结构可以有责任和义务的含义,但也常常没有这种含义:

  You are supposed to have finished.相当于:

  You should have finished.

  你早就应该完成了。

  但是:

  He is supposed to have escaped disguised as a woman.相当于:

  People suppose that he escaped

  据猜测他是乔装打扮成女人逃跑的。

  C 用在被动态动词后面的不定式通常是带to的不定式,尽管主动态动词后面可能带的是不带to的不定式:

  主动态: We saw them go out.

  我们看见他们出去了。

  被动态: They were seen to go out.

  有人看见他们出去了。

  主动态: He made us work.

  他强迫我们干活。

  被动态: We were made to work.

  我们被迫干活。

  然而,惟独let的被动态后面的不定式不带to:

  主动态: They let us go.

  他们让我们走了。

  被动态: We were let go.

  我们被允许走开。

  D 不定式的进行式可用于如下动词的被动式之后:believe, know,report,say,suppose,think,understand等。

  He is believed/known/said/supposed/thought to be living abroad.相当于:

  People believe/know/say/suppose/think that he is living abroad.

  据信/据知/据说/据猜测/据认为他住在国外。

  You are supposed to be working.相当于:

  You should be working.

  你本应在工作。

  在这里也可用不定式的完成进行式:

  He is believed to have been waiting for a message.相当于:

  People believed that he was waiting for a message.

  据信他当时一直在等待消息。

  You are supposed to have been working.相当于:

  You should have been working.

  你那时本该一直在工作。

  

  A 不定式结构用在acknowledge,assume,believe,claim,consider,estimate,feel,find,know,presume,report,say,think,under- stand等动词之后。

  People consider/know/think等that he is这类句子有两种被动形式:

  It is considered/known/thought etc.that he is

  He is considered/known/thought etc.to be

  同样:

  People said that he was jealous of her.

  人们说他妒忌她。相当于:

  It was said that he was

  He was said to be jealous of her.

  据说他妒忌她。

  在这两种结构中,用不定式的后一结构比较简洁。它主要用于be,尽管有时其他动词的不定式也可以这样用:

  He is thought to have information which will be useful to the police.

  人们认为他掌握了对警察有用的情况。

  如句中所想到的内容涉及到以前的动作,则使用不定式的完成式,因此:

  People believed that he was相当于:

  It was believed that he was/He was believed to have been

  People know that he was相当于:

  It is known that he was/He is known to have been

  这种结构可与任何动词的不定式的完成式连用。

  B 不定式结构用在suppose后

  1 suppose的被动态之后可以接任何动词的不定式的一般式,但这种结构通常都含有这是一种责任、义务的意思,因此并不是同suppose的主动态(常意为推测)完全对应的形式:

  You are supposed to know how to drive.

  你本该会开车。相当于:

  It is your duty to know/You should know how to drive.

  会开车是你的责任。/你该知道怎么开车。

  但He is supposed to be in Paris既可能意思是他应该在那里,也可能是指人们猜想他在那里。

  2 suppose的被动态后面同样可以跟任何动词的不定式的完成式。这种结构可以有责任和义务的含义,但也常常没有这种含义:

  You are supposed to have finished.相当于:

  You should have finished.

  你早就应该完成了。

  但是:

  He is supposed to have escaped disguised as a woman.相当于:

  People suppose that he escaped

  据猜测他是乔装打扮成女人逃跑的。

  C 用在被动态动词后面的不定式通常是带to的不定式,尽管主动态动词后面可能带的是不带to的不定式:

  主动态: We saw them go out.

  我们看见他们出去了。

  被动态: They were seen to go out.

  有人看见他们出去了。

  主动态: He made us work.

  他强迫我们干活。

  被动态: We were made to work.

  我们被迫干活。

  然而,惟独let的被动态后面的不定式不带to:

  主动态: They let us go.

  他们让我们走了。

  被动态: We were let go.

  我们被允许走开。

  D 不定式的进行式可用于如下动词的被动式之后:believe, know,report,say,suppose,think,understand等。

  He is believed/known/said/supposed/thought to be living abroad.相当于:

  People believe/know/say/suppose/think that he is living abroad.

  据信/据知/据说/据猜测/据认为他住在国外。

  You are supposed to be working.相当于:

  You should be working.

  你本应在工作。

  在这里也可用不定式的完成进行式:

  He is believed to have been waiting for a message.相当于:

  People believed that he was waiting for a message.

  据信他当时一直在等待消息。

  You are supposed to have been working.相当于:

  You should have been working.

  你那时本该一直在工作。

  

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