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Book 5 Unit 1 Great scientists
Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)
1．conclude vt.& vi.推断出；结束→draw/come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出结论
2．attend v．出席，参加；照顾→attend to处理；照顾；专心于
3．expose vt.暴露→expose...to暴露；使显露
4．cure vt. & n．治愈→cure sb.of sth.治愈某人……
5．absorb v．吸收；使专心→be absorbed_in 专心于……
6．blame vt. & n．责备→be to_blame应受责备
7．link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来→connect...with...把……和……联系或连接起来→be linked_to...和……有关
8．announce vt.宣布；通告→make an_announcement 宣布
9．contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献→contribute to为……做贡献；有助于→make contributions_to 为……做贡献
10．(be) strict_with...对……严格的→be hard_on 对……苛刻
11．make_sense讲得通；有意义→make sense of 弄懂
12．reject vt.拒绝；抛弃→refuse v．拒绝→deny v．婉言谢绝
13．construction n．建设→under_construction正在建设中
Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)
1．scientific adj.科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
2．challenge n．& vt.挑战→challenging adj.困难的；挑战性的
3．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设
4．enthusiastic adj.热情的→enthusiasm n．热情
5．cautious adj.谨慎的→caution n．谨慎
6．universe n．宇宙→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的
Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)
1．At the meeting, he put_forward(提出) a proposal that children be exposed_to(暴露) challenges(挑战) but his proposal was rejected(反对) by the family.
2．The outbreak(爆发) of the deadly(致命的) disease urged a cure(疗法) be found，which was a challenge(挑战) but the experts(专家) and physicians(医生) were determined to defeat(打败) it.
3．After some research, the police drew_a_conclusion(得出结论) that the factory was to_blame(应负责) for the pollution(污染)．
4．It makes_good_sense(合情合理的) for parents to be strict_with(对……严格要求) their kids but severe(严重的) punishment is not suggested.
5．It has been announced(宣布) that apart_from(除……之外) Tom, two others are also suspected(怀疑) of the theft.
Ⅳ.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)
From the scientific analysis，the experts who attend the meeting conclude that it is really a challenge to cure these infected patients.They announce they will be positive and enthusiastic about making contributions to it.
Ⅴ.课文原句背诵
1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不明白它的起因，也不知道它的治疗方式。
2．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.
每一次(霍乱)爆发，都有很多人在恐惧中死去。
3．It seemed that the water was_to_blame.
看来水是罪魁祸首。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Only after Mary read her composition the second time________the spelling mistake.
(2024·天津，6)
A．did she notice
B．she noticed
C．does she notice
D．she has noticed
答案 A
解析 句意为：只有到玛丽再次读她的作文之后她才注意到这个拼写错误。“only＋状语从句”位于句首时，主句须用倒装语序。after引导的是时间状语从句，接在only之后，位于句首，所以主句要用倒装，可排除B、D两项。而且根据语境知read和notice都是过去发生的动作，所以答案为A项。
(教材原句：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.)
2．After completing and signing it，please return the form to us in the envelope ________.
(2024·山东，35)
A．providing
B．provided
C．having provided
D．provide
答案 B
解析 句意为：填完并签字后，把表格装在提供的信封里给我们带回来。envelope与provide之间存在被动关系，选项中只有B项为过去分词表被动，故为正确答案。
(考查单元语法)
3．________ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
(2011·福建，22)
A．Far from
B．Apart from
C．Instead of
D．Regardless of
答案 B
解析 句意为：除了良好的服务以外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统福建美食。far from离……远，远非；apart from除……之外(还)；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管。由句意可知B项正确。
(教材原句：Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.)
4．Planning so far ahead ________ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year. (2011·新课标全国，23)
A．made
B．is making
C．makes
D．has made
答案 C
解析 句意为：这么早就作计划是没有意义的——到了明年，有许多情况会发生变化。此处说明现在的事实，故用一般现在时。部分考生由于受so far的影响会误选D，其实这儿的so far不是表示“到目前为止”的那个短语so far，此处so是用来修饰短语far ahead的，far ahead很早，so far ahead如此早。B项is making为现在进行时，不合题意，可排除；根据时态一致原则，A项made也可排除。
(教材原句：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.)
5．The island，________ to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.(2011·大纲全国Ⅱ，15)
A．joining
B．to join
C．joined
D．having joined
答案 C
解析 句意为：这个岛屿由一座桥和大陆相连，很容易到达。join与the island之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词。
(考查单元语法)
Ⅱ.完形、阅读——英译汉
1．I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.(2024·湖北·完形)
我往往接受电视上的专家所提出的想法。
2．As I grew older and was exposed to more, my interests in the world of dance certainly varied but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a dancer in the company never left me.
(2024·北京·完形)
随着年龄的增长和与外界接触的越来越多，我对舞蹈的兴趣当然有所变化，但是那个小女孩要当舞蹈家的梦想从没离开过我。
3．Some of these adults simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented.
(2011·广东·完形)
有些大人就得出结论说应为那些有天赋的人设立特殊班。
4．Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.
(2011·福建·阅读A)
那些导致交通事故或者违反现行的交通法或被怀疑酒后驾驶的司机都要经过酒精测试。
Ⅲ.书面表达——汉译英
1．他突然想到第二天早晨他有个会议要参加。(attend)
(2011·湖北·完成句子)
It (suddenly) occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
2．实话实说，这件事怪苏，但是李也应受指责。(be to blame)
(2011·湖北·短文写作)
To be honest, it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame.
历年高考热点：apart from，make sense，put forward，
expert，expose，conclude，suspect，attend，blame等的用法。
2024考点预测：attend，defeat，contribute，absorb，blame，
conclude，apart from，make sense，put forward等的用法。
1
双语释义 v．出席，参加(be present)；处理，对付(deal with)；照料，护理(take care of)
学情诊断
(1)用attend，join，join in，take part in的适当形式填空
①He joined the army three years ago.
②All children between the ages of 5 and 16 must attend school.
③A lot of students took_part_in the protest in 1949.
④Would you like to join_in_ the basketball game?
⑤A
nurse attended to his needs constantly.
(2)I always have so many things to________when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.
A．add to
B．contribute to
C．attend to
D．appeal to
答案 C
解析 句意为：每当我出国回到公司时，我总有很多事情要处理。attend to处理，符合句意。add to增加；contribute to起作用，导致；appeal to恳求，请求；吸引，均不合题意。
归纳拓展
attend a lecture/a meeting/a conference/school/class
听讲座/出席会议/上学/上课
attend to处理；照顾
attend on/upon sb.伺候/照顾某人
attendance n.出席，参加；上学；到场
attendant n.服务员，侍者，侍从，随从；护理者
易混辨析 attend，join，take part in，join in
这些动词或词组均含“参加，加入”之意。
attend侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。
join普通用词，指加入党派、团体或游戏活动等。
take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。
join in 后接活动，强调与他人一起参与某一活动。
2
双语释义 v．击败；战胜(beat)；使困惑；难住(puzzle)；使失败；阻挠；挫败(stop...from success)；n.失败；战败(failure)；挫败；击败；战胜(winning)
学情诊断
(1)用defeat的适当形式填空
①The army was well trained and well armed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.
②The world-famous tennis player was_defeated in an important match yesterday，which disappointed most of his fans.
③The government has suffered a serious defeat.
(2)He succeeded in his efforts to________his fatal weakness.
A．win
B．beat
C．defeat
D．overcome
答案 D
解析 句意为：经过努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点。overcome战胜，压倒，克服，符合句意。
归纳拓展
serious defeat严重受挫
admit defeat承认失败
defeat sb.by...以……击败对手
易混辨析 defeat，beat，win
defeat 接sb.作宾语，既可指比赛，也可指在战场上战胜对手，还可指(希望、计划等)受挫或失败。
beat接sb.作宾语，侧重于在比赛中击败对手，还有连续敲打、(心脏)跳动之意。
win 的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类的词。
活学活用
用defeat，beat，win的适当形式填空
(1)I can beat/defeat you at swimming.
(2)Listen! The rain is beating against the window.
(3)To our surprise，he was badly
defeated in the election.
(4)Who do you think will win the beauty contest?
3
双语释义 v．捐献；捐助(give money or goods to...)；是……的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.)；投稿(write for)
学情诊断
(1)同义词语替换
Various factors contributed_to his downfall(倒台)．led_to/resulted_in
(2)Eating too much fat can ________ heart diseases and cause high blood pressure.
A．result from
B．contribute to
C．attend to
D．appeal to
答案 B
解析 句意为：吃太多脂肪会导致心脏病和引起高血压。contribute to对……起促成作用，导致，符合句意。
归纳拓展
contribute...to...把……贡献给……
contribute to有助于；导致；把时间投入……
contribution n.贡献；捐款
make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献
图解助记
写作句组 满分作文之佳句背诵
a．Now I am writing to contribute my topic to you.
(2009·重庆)
b．Chinese use the most plastic bags, which makes a great contribution to the “white pollution”．
c．As for forest resources protection, I can also make my own contributions.
d．I prefer to regard Lei Feng as my idol on account that he contributed so much to the whole country.
4
双语释义 v．吸收(液体、气体等)(take in)；使并入，吞并；吸引(attract)；使专心(interest sb.)
学情诊断
(1)写出下列句子中absorb的汉语意思
①Absorbed in his work, he simply forgot food and sleep.专心于
②The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city.吞并
③Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.吸收
(2)So________was he in his work that he didn’t notice that it was raining hard.
A．taken
B．devoted
C．absorbed
D．interesting
答案 C
解析 句意为：他是如此专心于工作，以致于没注意到下大雨。此处用了倒装。be absorbed in专心于，符合句意。be taken in 受骗，被接纳；be devoted to致力于；be interested in对……感兴趣。
归纳拓展
absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意力
absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的
be absorbed in 专心于……；全神贯注于；热衷于……
be absorbed by/into被……吞并；为……所吸收
思考 你知道的表示“全神贯注；专心于”的短语还有哪些？
be buried in, be lost in, fix one’s attention on，concentrate one’s mind on等。
5
双语释义 v．把……归咎于，责怪，指责(say or think sb. is responsible for)；n.责任(responsibility)，责备，指责
学情诊断
(1)一句多译
他因为这起事故受到他们的责备。
①They_blamed_him_for_the_accident.
②They_blamed_the_accident_on_him.
③He_was_to_blame_for_the_accident.
(2)I feel it is your husband who________for the spoiled child.
A．is to blame
B．is going to blame
C．is to be blamed
D．should blame
答案 A
解析 句意为：我认为应该是你的丈夫为这个宠坏的孩子负责。be to blame for...应该为……负责。
归纳拓展
blame sb.for ?doing?sth.为?做?某事责备某人
