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2024年高考第二轮复习英语全国版专题整合突破
九、并列句和复合句
真题试做
1．（2024·课标全国高考）It is by no means clear______the president can do to end the strike.
A．how
B．which
C．that
D．what
2．（2024·课标全国高考）I don't believe we've met before，______ I must say you do look familiar.
A．therefore
B．although
C．since
D．unless
3．（2024·课标全国高考）You have to move out of the way ______ the truck cannot get past you.
A．so
B．or
C．and
D．but
4．（2024·北京高考）— Look at those clouds!
— Don't worry.______ it rains，we'll still have a great time.
A．Even if
B．As though
C．In case
D．If only
5．（2024·上海高考）There is much truth in the idea ______ kindness is usually served by frankness.
A．why
B．which
C． that
D．whether
考向分析
从近几年高考试题可以看出，对于并列句和复合句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1．考查并列句中and，but，or等连词的选用，表示原因的并列连词for与从属连词because，since的区别，以及when和while作为并列连词的用法，做题时一定要明确前后句的逻辑关系和语境意义。
2．考查名词性从句中引导词的选用，区分what，that，whever，whether，if等连接代词和连接副词的语义功能和语法功能。尤其是把名词性从句与定语从句放在一起进行综合考查，增加了试题的难度。
3．考查定语从句中引导词的选用，重点是关系代词与关系副词的辨别，以及“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，其中对as，which，whose用法的考查呈上升趋势。定语从句与名词性从句、状语从句和强调结构的综合考查也是考查的热点。另外还要特别注意以下两种定语从句：
（1）以抽象地点名词（mark，situation，case，point，scene，business等）和抽象时间名词（occasion等）作先行词的定语从句中关系词的使用。
（2）“隔离型”定语从句。即运用插入语、介词或副词短语等手段使先行词远离关系代词或关系副词，以达到增加试题难度的效果。
4．考查状语从句中引导词的选用，其中时间、条件、地点、让步状语从句是考查的重点。一定要把握主句、从句间的语意及逻辑关系，注意区分不同从属连词的语义功能和语法功能。
热点例析
考点一：but，while，however的区别
but表示意义的转折；while既表示转折又表示对比；however为表示转折意义的副词，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。如：
I like football，while my sister likes basketball.
She has difficulty in learning English，however，she works hard and is making rapid progress.
【典例分析】（2011·全国高考）—Someone wants you on the phone.
—______ nobody knows I am here.
A．AlthoughB．And
C．But
D．So
答案为C项。根据句意可知前后两句明显为转折关系，因此选C项。句意：——有人给你打电话。——可是没有人知道我在这儿。
（2024·四川高考）At school，some students are active______some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.
A．while
B．although
C．so
D．as
答案为A项。句意：在学校里，有些学生很积极，然而有些很害羞。但他们彼此都可能成为好朋友。while用作并列连词时表示转折对比，意为“然而”，符合句意。
考点二：“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型
在该句型中，前面的祈使句表示了条件，后面的陈述句表示了结果。如果前后句表示顺延意义，中间的连词用and，相当于“if条件状语从句＋主句”；如果前、后句表示转折意义，中间的连词用or，相当于“否定的if条件状语从句＋主句”。如：
Work hard and you will succeed.（If you work hard，you will succeed.）
Hurry up，or we'll be late.（If we don't hurry up，we'll be late.）
在上面的句型中，有时前面的祈使句可省略为名词词组。如：
One more word and I will beat you.
【典例分析】（2011·辽宁高考）Bring the flowers into a warm room ______ they'll soon open.
A．or
B．and
C．but
D．for
答案为B项。该题为“祈使句＋and / or＋陈述句”句型。根据题意判断前后句为顺承关系，所以选连词and。
考点三：并列连词when和for的用法
1．when可用作并列连词，表示“就在这时；就在那时（突然发生了某事）”。如：
We were ready to rush away，when the snake moved.
2．for可用作并列连词，表示补充说明的原因。如：
We had better stay at home，for it was raining.
【典例分析】（2011·浙江高考）One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekendaway ______ my daughter heard cries for help.
A．after
B．while
C．since
D．when
答案为D项。句意：有一个星期五，我们正在收拾行李去度周末，这时我的女儿听到求救声。be doing...when...表示“正在做某事，这时（突然）……”。
考点四：主语从句的引导词
1．连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等有意义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等，尤其要注意what引导的主语从句是高考命题的热点。如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
Who will win the match is still unknown.
2．连接副词when，where，why，how等有意义，在从句中作状语。如：
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
3．连词that，whether（不用if）无意义或意义不完整，在从句中不担任成分。如：
That he will come and help you is certain.
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
4．what引导主语从句时为连接代词，有意义，表示“……的东西；……的事情”，既起引导作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；that引导主语从句时为连词，无意义，只起引导作用，不在从句中作成分，但不可省略。如：
【典例分析】（2024·上海高考）—We've only got this small bookcase.Will that do?
—No，______ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.
A．who
B．that
C．what
D．which
答案为C项。分析句子成分可知，is之前为主语从句，从句中“...looking for”缺少宾语，故选what表示“……的东西”。句意：——我们只有这个小书橱了，这可以吗？——不行，我要找的是大一点而且再结实一点的东西。
（2024·天津高考）It doesn't matter ______ you turn right or left at the crossing — both roads lead to the park.
A．whether
B．how
C．if
D．when
答案为A项。句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐还是向左拐都无所谓，两条路都通向那个公园。根据句中的or判断应选A项引导主语从句，构成whether...or...结构表示选择关系。该句中It为形式主语，真正的主语是whether you turn right or left at the crossing。
（2024·江西高考）It suddenly occurred to him ______ he had left his keys in the office.
A．whether
B．where
C．which
D．that
答案为D项。句意：他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。分析句子结构可知It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，that引导主语从句在从句中不作成分，但不能省略。
考点五：表语从句的引导词
1．连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which等有意义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如：
That's just what I want.
The question is who will be the next president of France.
2．连接副词when，where，why，how等有意义，在从句中作状语。如：
This is where our problem lies.
That is why he didn't come to the meeting.
3．连词that，whether（不用if），as if，as though无意义或意义不完整，在从句中不担任成分。如：
The problem is that they can't get here early enough.
The point is whether we should lend him the money.
It looks as if it's going to rain.
【典例分析】（2011·陕西高考）I'd like to start my own business—that's ______ I'd do if I had the money.
A．why
B．when
C．which
D．what
答案为D项。that's后面的表语从句不完整，do缺少宾语，可排除连接副词why和when；which意为“哪一个”，不合句意；答案为D项，what I'd do意为“我要做的事情”。
（2010·江苏高考）—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's______I don't agree.You should have a more active life.
A．where
B．how
C．when
D．what
答案为A项。根据句意判断应选A项，由where引导表语从句。句意：那就是我不同意之处。
考点六：宾语从句的引导词
1．连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等有意义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等，what引导宾语从句在近几年高考试题中考查的频率最高。如：
In one's own home one can do what one likes.
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
【典例分析】（2024·福建高考）We promise ______ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A．who
B．whom
C．whoever
D．whomever
答案为C项。promise sb.sth.意为“向某人承诺某事”，此处指的是向参加聚会的任何人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，所以应选whoever引导宾语从句，相当于anyone who。
（2024·陕西高考）As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.
A．whatever
B．whichever
C．whenever
D．wherever
答案为B项。whatever意为“无论什么”；whichever意为“无论哪一个”；whenever意为“无论何时”；wherever意为“无论何处”。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作主语，且根据句意可知应选B项。句意：提供的课程多达五种，你可以选择最适合你的任意一种。
2．连接副词when，where，why，how等有意义，在从句中作状语。如：
Do you know where the accident happened?
She always thinks of how she can work well.
【典例分析】（2024·四川高考）Scientists study______human brains work to make computers.
A．when
B．how
C．that
D．whether
答案为B项。句意：科学家通过研究人类大脑是如何运转来制造出电脑的。该句中说明的是大脑运转的方式，因此应选how引导该宾语从句。
（2010·湖南高考）Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew ______ she was so angry.
A．where
B．whether
C．that
D．why
答案为D项。句意：辛迪重重地关上门，突然大哭起来。办公室里没人知道她为什么那么生气。由句意可知，从句中缺少原因状语，故选D项。
3．连词that，whether，if无意义或意义不完整，在从句中不担任成分。与or not连用常用whether，而不用if；作介词宾语要用whether不能用if；从句是否定句时一般用if引导。如：
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
He doesn't care if it isn't a fine day.
【典例分析】（2024·北京高考）Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
A．why
B．how
C．that
D．whether
答案为C项。句意：杰瑞不后悔作出评论，但他觉得他本可以用另一种方式表达。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中引导宾语从句，且从句中不需要成分和意义，所以选C项。
考点七：同位语从句的引导词
1．同位语从句常放在fact，idea，truth，hope，wish，problem，question，information，news，belief，thought，doubt，message，order，promise，word，evidence，reply，answer，possibility，advice，suggestion，proposal，demand，request等名词后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释说明，通常指的是前面名词的内容或含义。
2．同位语从句大多由that引导，也可以由when，where，how，whether等引导。近几年主要考查的是that引导的同位语从句。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
3．引导同位语从句的that只起引导作用，无意义也不在从句中作成分，但一般不可省略；引导定语从句的that既起引导作用，又在从句中作主语或宾语，本身含有先行词的意义，作宾语时常可省略。如：
The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.（同位语从句。that在从句中不作成分，从句说明了idea的内容。）
The idea（that）you put forward at the meeting is wrong.（定语从句。that含有idea的意思，在从句中作put forward 的宾语。）
（2024·江苏高考）The notice came around two in the afternoon ______ the meeting would be postponed.
A．when
B．that
C．whether
D．how
答案为B项。空后的句意说明了通知的内容，所以选择的是notice后面同位语从句的引导词，由于从句意义完整，不需要句子成分，所以应选连词that。
考点八：定语从句的引导词
1．关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that，as可用来引导定语从句，并在从句中充当句子成分。近几年对which引导的定语从句考查频率最高，对whose引导的定语从句的考查也很常见。
（1）who指人，在定语从句中作主语，可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如：
He is a man who never leaves today's work till tomorrow.
（2）whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可以用who代替或省略，当前面有介词时，不能用who代替且不能省略。可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如：
Here is Mr.Smith，whom / who you've been expecting to meet.
