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2024年高考第二轮复习英语安徽版
七、情态动词和虚拟语气
真题试做
1．（2024·课标全国高考）I ______use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A．couldn't
B．mustn't
C．shouldn't
D．needn't
2．（2024·北京高考）Don't handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.
A．is
B．were
C．has been
D．had been
3．（2024·北京高考）We ______ the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell me?
A．should face
B．might face
C．could have faced
D．must have faced
4．（2024·天津高考）It's quite warm here；we ______ turn the heating on yet.
A．couldn't
B．mustn't
C．needn't
D．wouldn't
5．（2024·天津高考）We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ______ us a ride home.
A．didn't offer
B．wouldn't offer
C．hasn't offered
D．hadn't offered
考向分析
1．考查情态动词的基本意义和用法，特别是can，may，must，need，shall，should，had better，would rather等。要求把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，区别意义相近、用法类似的情态动词。
2．考查情态动词表示推测、允诺、请求、判断的用法，尤其是can，could，may，might，must表示推测的用法。要求准确把握说话者的语气，深刻体会说话者的情感态度，结合情景做出合理选择。
3．考查“情态动词＋have done”结构的用法。要求掌握该结构中不同的情态动词所表达的特殊意义。
4．考查虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。要求掌握与现在、过去、将来三个不同时间的事实相反的虚拟语气，以及省略if的虚拟倒装句。
5．考查虚拟语气在隐含的虚拟条件和错综时间条件句中的用法。要求识别由一些介词或连词提供的虚拟条件，明确主句和条件状语从句谓语所发生的不同时间。
6．考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法，注意在这些固定句型中谓语所使用的形式。
热点例析
考点一：can/could与be able to
1．can/could用来表示“一般能力”；be able to有更多种时态，且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”。如：
My grandma is over seventy，but she can still read without glasses.
They will be able to tell you the news soon.
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
2．表示允许可用can或could，与may/might意义接近。could可用于现在时，只是语气更加委婉、客气，回答时则一般要用can而不用could。
—Could I have the television on?
—Yes，you can./ No，you can't.
【典例分析】（2024·全国高考）I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ______ find the money.
A．can
B．might
C．would
D．need
答案为A项。can意为“能够”；might意为“可能”；would意为“愿意”；need意为“需要”。句意：如果我能找到那笔钱，我打算和约翰一起去欧洲度假。
（2024·陕西高考）I ______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A．won't
B．can't
C．can
D．will
答案为B项。句意：我们不在家期间，你对我儿子的帮助我感激不尽。can not 或can never 与too much 连用表示“再……也不过分”。故选B项。
考点二：may与might
1．表示允许，意为“可以，许可”，用法基本上同can与could。如：
May I use your bicycle?
2．表示可能性，意为“也许，可能”。 如：
According to the weather forecast，it may rain tomorrow.
3．may可以放在句首，表示祝愿。如：
May good luck be yours!
【典例分析】（2024·四川高考）I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao，”just as I______do in China.
A．must
B．might
C．can
D．should
答案为B项。must意为“必须，偏要”；might意为“可能”；can意为“能够，可以”；should意为“应该”。句意：我走得近些，听见了他们说汉语。因此我就像在中国可能打招呼的方式一样，说了声“你好”。
考点三：must与have to
1．must用来表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观的需要，强调外界压力，不得已而为之。 如：
He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
My brother was very ill，so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
2．表示“不必”，须用don't have to或needn't。must的否定式表示“禁止，绝对不可”。 如：
You don't have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他那件事。
You mustn't tell him about it.你绝不能告诉他那件事。
— Must we do it now？我们必须现在做吗？
— No，you needn't.不，你们不必。
【典例分析】（2010·湖南高考）You ______ buy a gift，but you can if you want to.
A．must
B．mustn't
C．have to
D．don't have to
答案为D项。must和have to都有“必须”之意，但是must表示说话者的主观看法，have to表示客观需要。mustn't意为“禁止，不许”；don't have to意为“不需要，不必”。句意：你不需要买礼物，但是你想买的话也可以买。
考点四：shall
1．用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。如：
What shall he do next？他下一步干什么呢？
2．用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。如：
He shall stay in bed.他必须躺在床上。
You shall have it back next week.下周一定还你。
He says he won't go，but I say he shall.他说他不去，但我说他必须去。
【典例分析】（2024·辽宁高考）One of our rules is that every student ______ wear school uniform while at school.
A．might
B．could
C．shall
D．will
答案为C项。句意：我们有一项规定，每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。shall可用于第三人称的陈述句中，表示按照法律、条文、规定必须要做的事情，含有强制的意味。
考点五：will与would
1．will 用于各种人称，表示“意志、意愿”或“决心”等。如：
If you will keep your watch half an hour slow，it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.
如果你想要让你的表慢半个小时，你约会时迟到就不足为怪了。
2．will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是，惯于”的含义。如：
An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的。
3．would可表示过去反复发生的动作。如：
On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.星期天他总是早起钓鱼去。
【典例分析】（2024·江苏高考）Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but ______ say where he was.
A．mustn't
B．shouldn't
C．wouldn't
D．mightn't
答案为C项。mustn't意为“禁止；绝对不可”；shouldn't意为“不应该”；wouldn't意为“不愿意；不想；就是不”；mightn't意为 “可能不；也许不”。句意：几天后，我弟弟打电话说他很好，但是就是不说他在哪里。
考点六：should与ought to
1．should表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意。如：
You should learn from each other.
2．ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事。如：
Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.
3．should和ought to也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会……”。如：
— When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon.
— They should be ready by 12：00.
【典例分析】What do you mean，there are only ten tickets？There ______ be twelve.
A．should
B．would
C．will
D．shall
答案为A项。由前句“你说什么，只有10张票？”可见说话者感到吃惊，由此判断下句说话的意思是“应该”有12张票。should表示“应该”，符合句意。
考点七：情态动词表示推测
1．肯定句中用must（一定，很可能），may（可能），might/could（也许，或许）表示推测。表示对当前行为、情况或状态的推测，用must/may/might/could＋do/be句型；表示对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测，用must/may/might/could＋be doing句型；表示对过去发生的事情的推测，用must/may/might/could＋have done/been句型。如：
I always meet him in the street.He must/may/might/could live quite near here.
There is still light in his room.He must/may/might/could be studying at this time.
I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep.
2．否定句中用can/could或may/might表示推测。如：
Though he is busy，he can't/may not refuse your invitation because you are good friends.
The room can't have been cleaned by Li Ping，because she left here half a year ago.
3．疑问句中常用can/could表示推测。如：
— Can he be English?
— No.He can't be English.He must be American.
The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?
【典例分析】（2011·江苏高考）—I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back！I mean，someone ______ it.
A．will have stolen
B．might have stolen
C．should have stolen
D．must have stolen
答案为B项。句意：——我把我的手提包掉在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人捡到后交给了一位铁路人员。——失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。will have done sth.为将来完成时；might have done sth.意为“有可能做过某事”，表示对过去的推测，语气较弱；should have done sth.意为“本应该做某事（而实际没做）”；must have done sth.意为“一定做过某事”，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，语气肯定。根据语境和语气判断应选B项，might have stolen表示“有可能偷了去”，语气比较婉转或不肯定。
考点八：“情态动词＋have done”结构
1．must have done sth.用来表示对过去的肯定推测。如：
Since the road is wet，it must have rained last night.
2．should/ought to have done sth.表示“（过去）本应该做某事（而实际上未做）”，一般含有责备的意味。如：
You should have come here a little earlier.
3．could have done sth.表示“（过去）本能够、本可以做某事（而实际上未做）”，一般也含有责备意味。如：
Given more time，he could have done it better.
4．need not have done sth.表示“（过去）本不必、无需做某事（而已做）”。如：
You needn't have come last night.
【典例分析】（2011·全国高考）They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A．will
B．can
C．must
D．should
答案为D项。should have done sth.意为“本该做某事（但实际上未做）”，符合句意。句意：他们本该在午饭的时候到达，但是他们的航班延误了。A项为将来完成时；B项的can不能用于肯定句中的推测；C项构成must have done结构，表示“一定做过某事”。
（2024·江西高考）We ______ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
A．may not
B．needn't
C．can't
D．mustn't
答案为B项。句意：既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。needn't have done表示原本不必要做某事，但事实上已经做了。
考点九：虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法
虚拟情况 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句
与现在事
实相反 过去式
（be用were） would/should/could/might do If he were here，he might be able to help.What would you do if you were in his place？
与过去事
实相反 had done would/should/could/might have done If I had started a little earlier，I would have caught the train.
I could have done it better if I had been more careful.
与将来事
实相反 过去式/
were to do/
should do would/should/could/might do If I were to do it，I would do it in a different way.
I would certainly go if I had time.
1．在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如：
Had it not been for your help，we wouldn't have achieved so much.
2．介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如：
I wouldn't have made such rapid progress without your help.
3．有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如：
If the weather had been more favourable，the crops would be growing still better.
【典例分析】（2024·湖南高考）Sorry，I am too busy now.If I ______ time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A．have had
B．had had
C．have
D．had
答案为D项。句意：很抱歉，我现在很忙。要是我有时间，一定会与你去远足的。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句中谓语动词要用过去时。
（2024·安徽高考）Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ______ there，she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
A．lives
B．would live
C．has lived
D．were to live
答案为D项。句意：格雷斯不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话，就不能经常见到父母了。由句意可知，这是对将来事情的虚拟，所以条件句中可以用过去式，were to do或should do的形式。
考点十：虚拟语气在名词从句中的用法
