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高考真题
1．(2011·全国Ⅰ)They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A. will
B. can
C. must
D. should
[解析]句意：他们本应该午餐时间到达，可是他们的飞机晚点了。can 用在疑问句和否定句中，意为：可能；must have done 表示推测，意为：一定做过；should have done 表示(过去)本应该做而没做。根据句意可知答案为D项。
[答案]D
2．(2011·全国Ⅱ)If you ________ smoke, please go outside.
A. can
B. should
C. must
D. may
[解析]句意：如果你非要抽烟，请到外面去。must 用于条件句，表示“非要，偏要”。其他三项均不符合语境。
[答案]C
3．(2011·天津)I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
[解析]句意：我不知道他们一直在等我，否则，我就会早点来了。根据 but 后面内容可知设空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其主句谓语动词形式：would/should/could/might have done。故答案为D项。
[答案]D
4．(2011·江西)It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. won't
D. needn't
[解析]句意：门外不可能是邮递员。现在才六点。A：不可以，禁止；B：不可能；C：不愿意；D：不必。根据句意可知答案为B项。
[答案]B
5．(2011·陕西)I ________ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn't have gone
B. didn't go
C. wouldn't go
D. hadn't gone
[解析]句意：如果没有你的慷慨相助的话，我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。本题考查虚拟语气。without your generous help 相当于含蓄条件句If it hadn't been your generous help，此处表示与过去事实相反，所以主句部分采用 couldn't have done 结构，表示“本不可能”，故选择A项。
[答案]A
6．(2011·陕西)—Will you read me a story, Mummy?
—OK. You ________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A. might
B. must
C. could
D. shall
[解析]句意：——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？——好，如果你尽快上床睡觉，我就给你讲一个。shall 在此处表示“允诺”，故选择D项。
[答案]D
7．(2011·北京)—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He ________ come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
A. must not
B. need not
C. would not
D. might not
[解析]句意：——我真的不喜欢 James。为什么你邀请他？——别担心。他可能来不了。他说他还不能确定他的计划是什么。must not 表示禁止；need not 表示不必；would not 表示不会；might not 表示可能不。根据句意答案为D项。
[答案]D
8．(2011·北京)—Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ________ always late.
A. weren't
B. hadn't been
C. wouldn't be
D. wouldn't have been
[解析]句意：——孩子们都到哪里去了？宴会就要被他们彻底破坏了。——我希望他们不要总是迟到。本题考查虚拟语气。wish 后跟 that 从句，从句部分采用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反的用一般过去时，与过去时相反的用过去完成时。本题表示与现在事实相反，所以用一般过去时，故正确答案为A项。
[答案]A
9．(2011·北京)Maybe if I ________ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied
B. would study
C. had studied
D. was studying
[解析]句意：也许如果当时我学习的是理科而不是文科的话，那么我(现在)就可以给你更多的帮助了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据 then 一词可以确定此处表示与过去事实相反，故 if 引导的从句部分用 had done，故选C。
[答案]C
10．(2011·福建)—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you ________， in case he comes late for the meeting.
A. will
B. must
C. may
D. can
[解析]句意：——我该马上通知他日程改了吗？——我想你必须(通知他)，以免他开会迟到。must 必须；will 愿意，将要；may 可以；can 能够。根据句意可知，正确答案为B项。
[答案]B
11．(2011·福建)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I ________ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended
B. had attended
C. would attend
D. would have attended
[解析]句意：——很可惜你错过了这次有关核污染的演讲。——我本来要参加，但(那时)忙于准备工作面试。本题考查虚拟语气。根据 but 后面的内容可知，设空处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以正确答案为D项。
[答案]D
12．(2011·浙江)—How's your new babysitter?
—We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should
B. might
C. mustn't
D. couldn't
[解析]句意：——你家的新保姆怎么样？——我们再不可能找到比这个更好的保姆了。所有的孩子都非常喜欢她。should 应当；might 也许；mustn't 禁止，不允许；couldn't 不可能。couldn't ask for a better one 意为“找不到更好的”，也就是“是最好的”，符合句意。
[答案]D
13．(2011·江苏)—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.
A. will have stolen
B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen
D. must have stolen
[解析]句意：——我把手提包落在火车上了，不过，幸运的是，有人把它交给了乘警。——把包拿回来是多么不可思议啊！我的意思是，有人可能偷了你的包。本题考查情态动词的用法。will have stolen 为将来完成时，而此事已经过去，故被排除。might have stolen 可能已经偷了，符合语境，故答案为B项。should have stolen 表示本应该偷而事实上却没有；must have stolen 表示肯定偷了，均不符合句意。
[答案]B
14．(2011·湖南)—No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh, you are really his big fan.
A. can
B. need
C. must
D. might
[解析]句意：——在打篮球方面没有人能够和姚明相比。——哦，你真是他的超级粉丝。根据语境可知空格处应填 can，表示“可以，能够”，故选A项。
[答案]A
15．(2011·辽宁)If you ________ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. will
[解析]句意：如果你偏要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。If you must do sth. 为固定用法，意为：如果你偏要做某事。can 用于肯定句表示理论上的可能或表示能力；may 可以，可能；will 愿意。
[答案]C
16．(2011·重庆)—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?
—I wanted to, but my mum simply ________ not let me out so late at night.
A. could
B. might
C. would
D. should
[解析]句意：——为什么你昨天晚上没来参加西蒙的聚会？——我想来参加的，但我妈妈根本不愿让我那么晚出来。would 表示“愿意”；A：能力或可能；B：可能；D：应该。
[答案]C
17．(2011·四川)The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they ________.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. should
[解析]句意：警察还没有找到那个失踪的小孩，但是他们在做自己能做的一切。从语境看，这里用 do all they can 表示“做他们能够做的一切”，用 can 表示“可以，能够”。
[答案]A
18．(2011·上海)I ________ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. daren't
D. needn't
[解析]句意：我不必担心我的周末——我总是在周末来临之前就计划好了。根据下文可知D项“没有必要”符合语境。A：不能，不可能；B：禁止；C：不敢。
[答案]D
19．(2010·全国Ⅰ)Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon.
A. can't
B. needn't
C. may not
D. will not
[解析]句意：耐心点。你不能指望这个世界变得如此之快。这里用 can't 表示“不能，不可以，不可能”。needn't 没有必要；may not 可能不；will not 将不，都不符合句意。
[答案]A
20．(2010·山东)I ________ have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn't
B. needn't
C. couldn't
D. mustn't
[解析]句意：我本不应该去看那部电影——它会使我做噩梦的。shouldn't have done 本不该做，但是做了；needn't have done 本没必要做，但是做了；couldn't have done 不可能做了某事。无 mustn't have done 结构。根据题干所提供信息应选A项。
[答案]A
21．(2010·天津)Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A. needn't
B. wouldn't
C. mustn't
D. couldn't
[解析]句意：Mark 本不必那么匆忙。他极速行驶，最后早到了半个小时。needn't have done 表示过去不必要做的事情却做了。couldn't have done 表示过去不可能做了(某事)；wouldn't have done 用在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中；mustn't 表禁止，不用在此结构中。
[答案]A
22．(2010·天津)—John went to the hospital alone.
—If he ________ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
[解析]句意：——约翰自己去医院了。——要是他(事先)告诉我，我就跟他去了。本题考查虚拟语气的 if 条件句的时态。根据第一句谓语动词 went，可知第二句的主从句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故 if 从句谓语动词要用 had told。
[答案]D
23．(2010·上海)—Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
—Oh, you ________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must
B. mustn't
C. should
D. shouldn't
[解析]句意：——对不起，史密斯教授，昨天我没有完成作业。——哦，你本应该完成的，因为昨天是最后的期限。四个选项中B项不能与 have done 连用，故排除； must have done 意为“肯定做了……”，表推测，说明说话人对所推测的事情把握较大，如：It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet now.昨天夜里肯定下雨了，因为地面现在是湿的。should have done 本应该做……(实际上没做……)；shouldn't have done 本不应该做……(实际上做了……)。由语境可知C项正确。
[答案]C
24．(2010·北京)—Good morning, I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah, good morning. You ________ be Mrs Peters.
A. might
B. must
C. would
D. can
[解析]句意：——早上好，我和人事部的 Smith 小姐有约。——啊呀，早上好。那您一定是 Peters 女士。本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。根据题干可以判断说话人对所推断的情况很肯定，故选择B项。
[答案]B
25．(2010·北京)—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ________.
A. wouldn't die
B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wouldn't have died
[解析]句意：——现在天气变得又热又干。——是啊。如果当初下一点雨，现在情况也会好很多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。本题考查虚拟语气。题干中 If 引导的从句为过去完成时，是对过去事情的虚拟，主句却是 would do，对现在事实的虚拟，此为干扰部分，考生须分析清楚句意，空格处表示蔬菜都死了，是过去的事实，在对过去的事实进行虚拟，故选择D项。
[答案]D
26．(2010·江苏)—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don't worry. You ________ have it by Friday.
A. could
B. shall
C. must
D. may
[解析]句意：——我至今还没有拿到参考书，但是下个月这个学科就要测试了。——别担心。周五之前你一定会有的。本题考查情态动词。shall 用于第二人称表示允诺、要求、命令、威胁等语气，根据句意可知此处表示允诺的语气，故答案为B。could 能，能够；must 必须；may 也许，均不符合语境，可排除。
[答案]B
27．(2010·陕西)If we ________ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C. took
D. have taken
[解析]句意：如果我们走另一条路，我们可能早就按时到会了。本题考查的是虚拟语气。根据句意及后边主句谓语 might have arrived 可知 if 从句表示与过去事实相反，故 if 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
[答案]B
28．(2010·陕西)—May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No, you ________. You read it in here.
A. mightn't
B. won't
C. needn't
D. mustn't
[解析]句意：——我可以把这本书带出阅览室吗？——不行，绝对不可以。你(只能)在这里阅读。mightn't 可能不；will 表意愿或决心；needn't 不必；mustn't 用于说话者不让某人做某事，语气强烈：绝对不可以。例如：You mustn't leave the gate open.你不要敞着大门。
[答案]D
29．(2010·江西)I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?
A. Must
B. Can
C. May
D. Will
[解析]句意：我已经告诉你实情了。非要我一遍遍重复吗？must 表示对方的行为使说话人不满或懊恼，意为“偏要”。can，may 用在句首表请求或疑问。
