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2024高考英语北师大版一轮复习Unit 16夯实训练含答案
高考题型提能练(十六) Unit 16
(2024·河南郑州市高三第一次质量预测)Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China，__1__ it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria (疟疾)．Tu Youyou __2__(be) the woman who uses the plant’s special power to save millions of lives.The Chinese scientist won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.
On October 5，Tu was awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan.Tu is the first native Chinese person __3__(receive) a Nobel Prize in natural sciences.
Tu was modest about receiving the award：“It’s a success for the whole research team.”She also thinks __4__ is scientists’ duty to fight for the health of all humans.
When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine __5__ could fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s，things were hard.The team didn’t have advanced equipment back then.Tu used to test __6__(medicine) by eating them herself.Her team searched old Chinese medicine books __7__ hand and tested over 2，000 traditional recipes.
Once Tu __8__(return) home after traveling for six months.Her little daughter didn’t recognize her and hid from the“strange woman”．To do research，Tu also had to move around a lot.
Finally，Tu found artemisinin (青蒿素) in sweet wormwood in 1971.She spent the next decades __9__(try)to improve the medicine.According to World Health Organization，about 200 million people suffer __10__ malaria around the world，and about half a million die each year.Artemisinin is still the most effective treatment against malaria known today.
Tu never complains about how hard she works.“I feel more rewarded when I see so many cured patients，” she said.【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，她带领她的团队发现了
1．but [考查连词。空前语境为：青蒿在中国是一种常见的植物；空后语境为：它有治愈致命疾病——疟疾的能力。根据空处前后语境可以判断，两句为转折关系，故用转折连词but。]
2．is [考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“who uses the plant’s special power”可知，该句应用一般现在时。又因主语为Tu Youyou，故用is。]
3．to receive [考查动词不定式。根据该句中的“the first native Chinese person”可以判断，该句应用动词不定式作person的后置定语。]
4．it [考查it的用法。分析该句结构可知，动词不定式短语to fight for the health of all humans作真正的主语，it作形式主语。]
5．that/which [考查定语从句。分析该句结medicine，空处在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。]
6．medicines [考查名词的数。根据该句中的them可以判断，空处应用复数形式。]
7．by/on/at/in [考查介词。by hand意为“用手”；on hand，at hand，in hand意为“在手头”。根据语境可知这四个介词都对。]
8．returned [考查时态。根据下句的“Her little daughter didn’t
recognize her”可知，这里陈述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。]
9．trying [考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth 为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故用trying。]
10．from [考查动词短语。suffer from为固定搭配，意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
These days, there are very few wild animals left
in the UK. The wolves have gone. The bears have been hunted to extinction.
Fortunately, there are a few badgers ()—Oh, well, actually, not for long as the British government has just decided to kill them too! But why?
Badgers are fascinating creatures.
The black and white mammals live underground in “setts”， which they dig out of the earth. They are extremely brave, fighting off larger animals such as bears and wolves.
The problem is that some badgers carry “Bovine Tuberculosis”(BTB), an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium Bovis (M. Bovis) which can cause TB in some other animals, including cattle.
For farmers, this is a serious issue. In 1998 in the UK, almost 6 000 cows were killed to control the disease. And in 2010, more than 30 000 animals were destroyed. It's expensive too. Bovine TB costs the UK about ￡100 million per year. And some believe that the disease could end up costing the economy ￡9 billion over the next 40 years if nothing is done about it.
Experts say that badgers are responsible for about 50% of the infected cattle.
So, after much debate, the government has agreed to a badger cull (杀戮). This will mean about 30 000 of the innocent creatures will be wiped out to fight the disease.
Environment Secretary Caroline Spelman admitted that there was
“great strength of feeling”
about it, but said, “I believe this is the right way forward.”
Of course, many are against the measure, including conservationists and animal rights activists. They claim that killing the badgers in controlled zones wouldn't work because badgers from neighboring areas would simply move into the empty setts and become infected too. Furthermore, they believe that the way cattle are raised intensively, and transported around to lots of different farms during their lives is probably the biggest cause of the spread of the disease.
Most ordinary people are against the measure too. A survey suggests about twothirds are against killing the badgers, with majorities against killing them regardless of age, region and gender. One of the alternatives to the cull involves using vaccine (疫苗) on badgers. However, this costs an average of ￡2 250 per year per square kilometer. Trapping and shooting badgers costs ￡2 500 per year, but shooting freerunning badgers only costs about ￡200 per year (per square kilometer)．
So, with that in mind, it's easy to see how the government arrived at their decision. Money talks!
文章大意：本文是一篇资讯报道。在英国，一些獾身上携带TB病菌，这种病菌会传播给牲畜，从而给农民带来巨大的损失。政府不顾多数人的反对，决定采取行动来杀掉獾，因为对他们来说，这样做的代价相对来说较低。
1．Why does the government want to kill the badgers?
A．Because there is no other choice to cut the spread of the disease.
B．Because badgers carry TB, a disease which can infect other animals.
C．Because they almost wiped out an entire population of cattle.
D．Because it might be an effective way to fight TB at the least expense.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中第四句“The problem is that some badgers carry ‘Bovine Tuberculosis’ (BTB)．..”及倒数第二段最后一句“... shooting freerunning badgers only costs about ￡200 per year (per square kilometer)．”可知，杀死獾可能是以最低价来对抗TB传播的有效办法。故答案选D。
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Some people object to culling because it costs much more to trap and shoot badgers.
B．In the following four decades, ￡9 billion will be spent on TB.
C．Based on the survey, people of different age groups, regions and both genders are against
killing the badgers.
D．Caroline Spelman thought badgers should be culled despite people's strong reaction.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“A survey suggests about twothirds are against killing the badgers, with majorities against killing them regardless of age, region and gender.”可知，一项调查表明来自不同年龄、地区和性别的人，大多数都反对屠杀獾。故答案选C。
3．Who is strongly for killing the badgers according the passage?
A．The government.
B．Most ordinary people.
C．Conservationists.
D．Animal rights activists.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第四、五、六段及文章最后一段中“it's easy to see how the government arrived at their decision. Money talks！”可知，政府对屠杀獾是非常支持的，因为这样做的代价最低。故答案选A。
4．What is the author's attitude toward government's decision?
A．Supportive.
B．Critical.
C．Objective.
D．Unconcerned.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句中“actually, not for long as the British government has just decided to kill them too！”及最后一段“So, with that in mind, it's easy to see how the government arrived at their decision. Money talks！”可知，政府不顾多数人的反对，只考虑钱的问题。从中可以看出，作者对政府的决定是持批评态度。故答案选B。
5．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．The Control of TB
B．The Voice of the Badgers
C．Badger Danger
D．The Threat of the Badgers
答案：C 标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了英国政府不顾人们的反对，已经决定杀死獾，从而使獾处于危险之中。因此，短文的最佳标题应是Badger Danger。故答案选C。
B
(2024·贵阳市适应性检测考试)
Choose your wish list
It's normal for any student's college wish list to change throughout high school. But when it comes time to apply, many seniors have a hard time narrowing down their choices.
There's no hard and fast answer, but there are several things you can do and ask yourself to make the decision easier. Here are three pieces of advice that might help.
Do your research
Above all, it's important to figure out your wants and needs. What do you expect from your education? What are you willing to give up?
Veronica Hauad, senior associate director of admissions (录取) at the University of Chicago in the US, said students should start by taking time to figure_out those questions.
“Find the thing that's most important to you, and then you can start searching on that factor and sort things out later，” Hauad said.
Don't focus on rankings
It's easy to focus too hard on school rankings, but don't let that make your decision for you when you're looking at colleges. In the long run, rankings probably won't have a big effect on your education. It's OK to look at rankings, but don't obsess (过于执着) over them. Find colleges that really interest you. If they end up being on a top list, think of it as an extra pleasure.
Think about your future
Here's an important question to ask all of the colleges on your list: How many of your students find jobs after graduation? An Ivy League school may look good on an application, but what will the college do to help you find a job?
Students should also make sure they're going to college for the right reasons.
University of Illinois sophomore (二年级学生) Steve Wang said he has met students who aren't looking at the bigger picture. “I see a lot of students who go to college for the sake of the college experience — not for a higher education，” Wang explained. “So people show up and spend a lot of time at parties and not really paying attention to schoolwork. That's not really what college is for.”
1.When you apply to a college, you should ________.
A.find out what you really want
B.choose the bestknown college
C.consider the things you can do
D.quit a chance for further study
2.What does the underlined part “figure out” in Paragraph
4
probably mean?
A.Let out.B.Look out.
C.Make out.
D.Check out.
3.Steve Wang spends his main time on ________.
A.parttime jobs
B.schoolwork
C.parties
D.college experiences
4.What is the passage mainly for?
A.Researchers.
B.Educators.
C.Applicants.
D.Sophomores.
1．解析：选A 细节理解题根据作者给即将步入大学的高中生所提供的三条建议的内容尤其是第三段第一句“Above all, it's important to figure out your wants and needs.”可知高中生在申请大学时一定要做好相关调查弄清楚自己的真正需求不要太执着于大学的排名要为自己的将来考虑选那些能真正吸引自己的大学A项符合题意故答案选A解析：选C 词义猜测题画线短语所在段落的上一段中提到了一些让学生思考的问题根据逻辑关系可知Veronica Hauad认为学生应该花些时间弄清楚那些问题由此可推知figure out的意思应为“弄清楚”make out的意思也为“弄清楚”故答案选C解析：选B 推理判断题在最后一段中Steve Wang认为很多学生来到大学只是为了有上大学的经历而不是为了接受更高的教育持有这种想法的学生会经常参加聚会而不把主要精力放在学业上由Steve Wang的话可推知他不赞同这种做法故他的时间应该主要是花在学业上的故答案选B解析：选C 推理判断题根据文章前两段内容可知这篇文章是给那些即将高中毕业准备申请大学的学生提供的一些建议故答案选CWhen I was 8 years old, I decided to run away from home after a quarrel with my mother. With my suitcase packed and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door.
My mom asked where I was going. “I’m leaving home,” I said.
“What’s that you’re carrying?” she asked.
“Some clothes and food,” I replied.
“If you want to run away, that’s all right,” she said. “But you came into this home without anything and you can leave the same way.”
I threw my suitcase and sandwiches on the floor and started for the door again.
“Wait a minute,” Mom said. “You didn’t have any clothes on when you arrived, and I want them back.”
This infuriated me. I tore my clothes off — shoes, socks, underwear and all — and shouted, “Can I go now?”
“Yes,” my mom answered, “but once you close that door, don’t expect to come back.”
I was so angry that I shut the door forcefully and stepped out of my home. Then I noticed down the street two neighbor girls walking toward our house. I was so shy that I saw the big spruce (云杉) tree in our yard and jumped under the low-hanging branches. A pile of dried-up brown needles were beneath the tree, and you can’t imagine the pain those sharp needles caused to my body.
After I was sure the girls had passed by, I ran to the front door and knocked at it loudly.
“It’s Billy! Let me in!”
The voice behind the door answered, “Billy doesn’t live here anymore. He ran away from home.”
Looking behind me to see if anyone else was coming down the street, I said, “Mom! I’m sorry. I’m still your son. Let me in!”
The door opened and Mom’s smiling face appeared. “Did you change your mind about running away?” she asked.
“What’s for supper?” I smiled back.
1. When the author was leaving home, his mother ordered him to _____.
A. stay at home
B. take some sandwiches
C. leave everything behind
D. check his suitcase carefully
2. Which of the following can best describe the author’s mom?
A. Selfish and proud.
B. Strict but loving.
C. Kind and helpful.
D. Wise but impatient.
3. The underlined word “infuriated” probably means “_____”.
A. surprised B. warned
C. encouraged D. angered
4. Why did the author jump under the low-hanging branches?
A. To avoid being seen.
B. To find some needles.
C. To play a joke on the two girls.
D. To attract the two girls’ attention.
5. The last sentence “What’s for supper?” mainly shows that the author _____.
