【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
如果把文章比作成一座大厦，那么适当的词汇量和基本的句型等就是砖瓦等，这些都离不开平时的积累。如果这些基础的东西不具备，优美的作文只能是空中楼阁，毫无现实意义。因此，除了平时注意实际的词汇积累外，还要学会基本句型的使用方法，具体都哪些基本句型必须会被涉及到的呢？在这里我们梳理了一下，大概有五本基本句型是高考作文中所必考的，以便大家参考使用。
五大基本句型：
基本句型1 主谓结构
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
【巩固练习1】
1．她昨天晚上回家很晚。
2．会议将持续两个小时。
3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。
4．每天八点开始上课。
5．这个盒子重五公斤。
【答案】
1..She went home very late yesterday evening.
2. The meeting will last two hours.
3. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.
4. Classes begin at eight every day.
5. This box weighs five kilos.
主语可有修饰语—定语，谓语可有修饰语—状语。如：
1. The red sun rises in the east.
2. So they had to travel by air or boat.
3. We got up early so as to catch the first bus.
4. She sat there alone，reading a novel.
5. He came back when we were eating.
【巩固练习2】
6. 会议有可能开两个半小时。
7. 我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边。
8. 她盼望已久的机会终于到来了。
9. 他把书放在书包里，而书包却找不到了。
10. 正在睡觉的婴儿笑了。
【答案】
6. he meeting will last two and a half hours.
7. The school where I study lies by the beautiful lake.
8. The chance which she wanted to get for a long time came at last.
9. He put the books in the schoolbag，but the schoolbag disappeared.
10. The sleeping baby smiles.
基本句型2 主系表结构
本结构是由主语＋系动词＋表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有：
1. 表示特征和存在状态的 be，seem，feel，appear，look，smell，taste，sound。
2. 表示状态延续的 remain，stay，keep，continue，stand。
3. 表示状态变化的
become，get，turn，go，run，fall，come，grow。
Our English teacher is thirty years old.
The cake tastes delicious.
We feel used to living in big cities.
The potatoes went bad in the fields.
Their boss seems satisfied with the work.
【巩固练习】
1. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。
2. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
3. 孩子们很少保持安静。
4. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
5. 这个报告听起来很有意思。
【答案】
1. In winter，the days are short and the nights are long.
2. At the age of fifteen，he became a famous pianist.
3. Children seldom keep quiet.
4. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.
5. The report sounds interesting.
主系表句型的几个特例：
1. As in China，the weather is different from area to area.
2. We are greatly surprised to meet him there.
3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.
4. It is kind of you to say so.
5. It is not easy for them to go there by bike.
基本句型3 主谓宾结构
本结构是由主语＋及物的谓语动词＋宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don't know if he can come tomorrow.
3. They haven't decided where to go next.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam.
【巩固练习】
1. 这本书他读过多次了。
2. 他们成功地完成了计划。
3. 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
4. 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。
5. 他不知道说什么好。
【答案】
1.He has read this book many times.
2.They have carried out the plan successfully.
3. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.
4. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
5. He did not know what to say.
基本句型4 双宾语结构
说明：此结构由“主语＋及物的谓语动词＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(事物)”组成。如：
He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语(事物)，后说间接宾语(人)，则要借助于介词to或for。如：
He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：(需借助to的)bring，give，lend，hand，offer，pass，pay，promise，return，send，show，teach，tell，write，ask等；(需借助for 的) buy，call，cook，choose，draw，find，get，make，order，sing，save，spare等。
【巩固练习】
1. 奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
2. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
3. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
4. 新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。
5. 他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。
【答案】
1. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
2. Would you please pass me the dictionary?
3. Shall I call you a taxi?
4. The new machine will save you a lot of labour.
5. He bought a new coat for his mother with his first month's salary.
基本句型5 复合宾语结构
说明： 此结构由“主语＋及物的谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系或动宾关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：
The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut.
They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构形式。即：主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补＋真正宾语。如：
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
【巩固练习】
1. 我们叫她Alice。
2. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。
3. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
4. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。
5. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
【答案】
方法一 列举具体的实例来补充说明
1．我喜欢体育运动。
I like sports very much.
→I like sports very much，such as basketball and football.
2．青少年应尽我们所能保护环境、拯救地球。
We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth.
→ We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth. For example，we can use recyclable bags instead of plastic bags，refuse to use singleuse products，plant more trees and save water and energy.
方法二 添加与所给信息有关的神态、动作、心理描写及背景渲染等内容
1. 晚饭后，这个男的走向卧室。
After supper，the man went to his bedroom.
→ After a rich meal，the fat man slowly made his way to his bedroom.(神态、动作)
2. 我看到了一些不良行为。
I found some bad behavior.
→
I found some bad behavior.I was quite disappointed to find some bad behavior.(心理)
方法三 添加与所给信息有关的原因，结果，条件，让步，手段，目的等内容
1．Tracy 来电话留言：咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)见面取消。
拓展：因为她有重要的事情处理。(原因)
Tracy called，saying that she couldn't meet you at Bolton Coffee.
→ Tracy called，saying that she couldn't meet you at Ban Coffee，as she has something important to attend to.
2．帮助邻里的孩子补习英语。
拓展：孩子们进步很快，我也受到他们父母的称赞。(结果)
I also helped children in the neighborhood with their English lessons.
→
I also helped children in the neighborhood with their English lessons.To my joy，they made rapid progress and their parents thought highly of me.
方法四 结尾发挥，写你的感受，评价，愿望，倡议等
1．Although I stood all the way home，I felt very happy for what I did.
2．I think such activities are necessary and meaningful.
（一） 仔细审题，吃透要求。
审题是非常重要的一个环节，包括审要求、审文体、审人称、审时态等。
（二） 要点齐全，滴水不漏。
一篇高分或者满分书面表达必须要点齐全，遗漏要点要扣分，。要想做到要点齐全，在动手写作之前，必须先把试题中所有要点以提纲式列出来，然后把它们组成句子，再根据逻辑关系重新排列顺序。
（三） 开头出彩，结尾精妙。
现在的高考书面表达对于开头和结尾的命题有两种形式。一种是提供了开头和结尾，特别是应用文体，命题者并不在写作格式上对考生进行考查。另一种就是需要考生自己来组织开头和结尾。
好的开始是成功的一半，开好头、起好步对书面表达至关重要，好的开头会让阅卷老师的眼睛为之一“亮”。开头常见方式包括开门见山、以俗语谚语或直接引语引出等，当然也可以以疑问句、套语开头。
文章能否得高分，关键还要看结尾，好的结尾能起到画龙点睛的作用。文章的结尾应根据不同体裁而定，或总结全文，或表明对所叙述人或事的态度，适可而止，但千万不能草草收场，结尾要显得水到渠成。
（四）词汇高级，结构复杂。
在一篇书面表达中能有几个复杂结构和高级词汇，势必能提升文章的档次，得高分或者满分。因此书面表达要讲究表达的艺术，从用词到句型的选择，都必须避免千篇一律，比如：同义词、同义结构、反义词、反义结构、祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、简单句、复合句、倒装句、省略句、平行结构等，要有选择地恰当应用，提高得分档次。
（五）过渡自然，行文流畅。
过渡性词汇是用来连接词与词、句与句、段与段的连接词，它不仅使句子结构对称和谐，文章层次清晰分明，还可增加文章的连贯性、逻辑性和可读性，更重要的是还能够增加文章的得分。常见的连接词有：
a．表示转折关系的词：
but，however，yet，instead，on the other hand，on the contrary，nevertheless，otherwise，after all等。如：
It rarely rains in the north，but on the other hand it rains a lot in the south.
b．表示因果关系的词：
since，as，because，so，thus，therefore，as a result，so that等。如：
These birds are very rare and therefore protected by law.
c．表示条件关系的词：
if，on condition that，so/as long as，unless，or else，or等。如：
I'll come on condition that I'm invited.
d. 表示时间关系的词：
when，while，after，before，until，as soon as，the moment, the minutem, immediately, no sooner...than，hardly...when，lately，recently，since，ever since，from now on，from then on, later, soon等。
例如：
Strike while the iron is hot.
e．表示空间顺序的词：
on the right/left，at the top/foot/of，in the middle of，in front of，at the back of，next to，on one side，here，there等。例如：
At the foot of the mountain lies a river.
f．表示顺序关系的词：
above all，first of all，firstly，first，secondly，second，then，next，finally，in the end等。
例如：
And above all，remember to send us your new address.
g．表示并列关系的词：
both...and，either...or，neither...nor，or，and，also，too，as well as等。
例如：
I'm learning French as well as English.
h．表示递进关系的词：
even，what's more，besides，what's worse，furthermore，also，to make the matter worse等。
例如：
I don't want to go；besides，I'm tired.
i．表示让步关系的词：
though，although，as，even if/though，whoever/whatever/whenever/wherever，no matter who/what/when/where等。例如：
We'll have to finish the job，no matter how long it takes.
j．表列举事实的词：
for example/instance，such as，take...for example，that is to say，as follows，and so on等。
例如：
The government has reduced spending in several areas，for example，education and health.
k．表示总结性的词：
in short，in brief，in a word，on the whole，in general，all in all等。
例如：
In short，the film is the best I've ever seen.
l．插入语：
I think，I believe，as far as I know，as we all know等。
例如：
He is not a teacher，I think.
（一）使用较高级的词汇
1. When he spoke more，he felt more excited.
→The more he spoke，the more excited he felt.
2. Because the weather was good，our journey was comfortable.
→Thanks to the good weather，our journey was comfortable.
3. We all think he is a great man.
→We all think highly of him.
4. Suddenly I thought out a good idea.
→A good idea occurred to me./ A good idea suddenly struck me.
